Through the use of new literacies, participants will engage in the beginning process of teaching argumentative writing through an Instagram graphic organizer.

During clinical shift at Baptist Health Paducah Hospital on the CCU floor the question asked was, what needs to be researched? After watching the charge nurse help patients all day I asked her what she thought needed to be researched. After thinking for a while she went on to tell me about how they are getting hit pretty hard on infections so there is no need for more research on that. After that she went on to tell me that their fall prevention protocol was lacking pretty badly. They do a fall risk assessment and based on the number decide what their chances of a fall is. They then give them fall risk bracelets and bed alarms. She said the bed alarms they have a pretty outdated and don’t work half the time they are used. There had to be newer research on better fall prevention. There protocol is lacking something that keeps the patients from not getting hurt. T It seems like it is just there for the nurse so they know that the patient is at risk for falling. This doesn’t help prevent a fall for the patient. Plus some nurses can’t get to the alarm right away so by the time they go to check the alarm it is too late. After doing some research a few articles about patient teaching and involving the patient in fall prevention popped up. The problem with the current policy is that it is lacking new evidence based practice.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to research the most effective ways to facilitate improvement in timely communication of vital signs.

Background: The rate of healthcare assistant (HCA) or nurse’s aide turnover is a wide-spread issue causing nursing staff to have to compensate while new HCAs attain the experience to function efficiently on the floor (Weiner et al. as cited in Howe, 2014). HCAs are frequently the personnel who gather vital signs which nurses use to assess the status of patients. In order for nurses to make accurate assessments of patients, vital signs must be accurately recorded and on-time, and if a vital sign is critical HCAs must be able to interpret the need to notify the nurse immediately. Currently, research does not support that new HCAs have the training to do these things (Mok, Wang, & Liaw, 2015).

Methods: A search was made among Ebsco, Google Scholar, Medline, Pubmed, and CinHal for the most recent research and studies on education in nursing aides and vital signs reporting.

Results: Post conferences and scenario training as well as virtual and mannequin based simulation were effective in improving HCA education and reporting issues to nurses

Conclusions: Improvements can be made to HCA vital signs reporting and efficiency by incorporating scenario and simulation

This presentation will educate viewers on the proper use of a nasogastric tube as well as recommendations for future technology.

Non-opioid chronic pain management treatments were researched. Specifically, exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs showed little to no efficacy in relieving complicated chronic pain. However, when a biopsychosocial approach was used, better pain management and coping was reported. This approach addresses multiple aspects of patient needs, consistent with Nursing Theorist Betty Neuman’s System Model which was used to guide research. Therefore, a biopsychosocial approach to chronic unrelieved pain management is recommended.

The objective of evidence based practices is to ensure that patients receive the best medical attention to promote optimal health and wellness. Despite this aim, consistent implementation of evidence based practices can be challenging, especially as it relates to the routine disinfection of noninvasive portable clinical devices. The overall purposes of this project is to increase compliance with the disinfection policy and reduce potential cross-contamination from pathogenic microbes between patients and noninvasive portable clinical items.

For this research paper the question posed was “Is there a hospital procedure that needs to be updated?" To answer that question data was collected from numerous nursing journals and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention to analyze the need for better hygiene of the equipment that comes into contact with the patient. Some of the items that were discussed in the research include: stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs, thermometers, keyboards, phones, bedside tables, electrocardiogram (ECG) wires, and lab coats. From the evidence based practice research articles, it was evident that more focus needs to be placed on the daily cleaning and disinfection of equipment that receives frequent use to assess patients. It was evident after being in the facility on two separate occasions that a need for further education and reinforcement on proper disinfectant practices was needed. Some related interventions that should be included are reinforcement of proper cleaning techniques of patient care equipment on shift by shift basis, not just when the patient is being discharged or transferred. Another intervention that should be addressed is how to use correct cleaning and disinfecting products based on the patient’s needs, diagnosis, and the contamination level of the equipment. Another important factor is to consider the type of material that makes up the equipment when selecting a disinfectant solution. With all of these aspects in mind and also the concept to make cleaning of patient care equipment more routine in daily patient care is a critical topic that needs to be addressed, policies changed, and interventions implemented.

My poster presentation is a research analysis of whether to rotate the peripheral IV site every 72-96 hours or when clinically indicated. The research supported rotating the site only when clinically indicated because the risk for complications generally occur within the first 24 hours of having an IV. More research needs to be conducted to prove this produces the best patient outcomes but it currently supports clinically indicated.

Abstract:

Throughout this project, the emphasis and research was centered on the importance of vital sign monitoring of patients. The importance of vital signs is emphasized due to the pivotal role played in indicating patient clinical status, and the wide range of information vital signs provide for clinical professionals. Research aspects that were addressed when looking into the protocol for post-operative vital sign monitoring were: a specific timing schedule, whose responsibility this is, and a possible way to implement timeliness in carrying this task out. The consequences of infrequent and inadequate vital signs were also a concern when looking at the vital sign protocol.

Clinical alarm monitoring technology is used widely throughout healthcare institutions. They are intended to alert health care providers of potential clinically significant events that require intervention with the patient. Clinical alarm systems are designed for high sensitivity, which can lead to frequent false and nonactionable alarms. The intermittent noise and resulting mechanical hum in the hospital auditory environment leads to staff desensitization, or “alarm fatigue,” and causes the staff to miss, ignore, and even disable the alarm signals. If clinical alarms are not properly managed, they can compromise patient safety. It is important for health care institutions to develop a systematic and coordinated approach to clinical alarm system management. Effective implementation of a clinical alarm safety policy within the institution can shorten the length in hospital stay, improve the health outcomes of patients, and lead to measurable quality improvement in patient care.

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to research different methods for decreasing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients.

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are very common in the hospital setting. These infections are very costly to the hospital and compromise patient safety by increasing rates of morbidity and mortality. In order for CAUTI rates to decrease, nurses and physicians must become more aware of the presence of catheters in patients.

Method: A search was conducted using CINAHL, Medline, and Google Scholar for current research studies regarding the reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infections.

Results: The implementation of reminder systems, both physical and virtual, significantly reduced the number of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients.

Conclusions: Rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infections can be decreased by executing paper and computer-based reminder systems to help alert nurses and physicians of the presence of catheters in their patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this evidence-based project was to discover an effective way to decrease central-line associated bloodstream infections in patients within a hospital setting.

Background: Central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are primary bloodstream infections in patients that had a central line in place within 48 hours before the development of the infection. CLABSI are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and effective methods for their prevention are needed.

Method: A search was conducted using CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Ovid Nursing Database for current research experiments and meta-analysis regarding the reduction of central-line infections.

Results: The use of Chlorhexidine-impregnated Dressings significantly reduced CLABSI rates. With chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings, there is a significant benefit for prevention of catheter colonization, the adverse effects were also rare and minor.

Conclusions: Research has proven chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings to lead prevention measures in the reduction on central line infections. Central-line hospital policies could be enhanced by adding the 3M Tegaderm CHG dressing to clinical practice. Hospitals also benefit from these special dressings by saving money from the cost of buying the dressings and the care it would take to treat a patient with an infection caused by a central line.

This evidence-based practice research compares the outcomes of sequential compression devices and graduated compression stockings on the prevention of blood-clot related complications in the hospital.

SourceURL:file://localhost/Users/allenedwards/Desktop/MSU/SPRING%2016/NUR%20412/EBP/POSTER.doc

Minimizing movement in the cervical spine of an immobilized patient remains a big factor in the comfort and outcome of patients with spinal injuries. The log roll technique and the lift and slide technique are two common methods of moving immobilized patient, but the questions arises, which is better? In comparing the two methods, studies were done that tested both the lift and slide and log roll techniques. Research shows the lift and slide method provides the most stability with the least head motion.

When looking for a job, nurses have the opportunity to work 8 or 12 hour shifts. In todays generation 12 hour shifts are becoming more of a trend with job openings, and 8 hour shifts are becoming a thing of the past. After reviewing many evidence based research articles, the 8 hour shifts we once had, should no longer be put on the back burner. Research is stating that in those last 4 hours of a 12-hour work day, more errors are occurring, and patient safety is becoming a concern.

The research paper analyzes The Coca-Cola Company using data from 2012 to 2014.

A brief overview of the history of the company is given as well as its nowadays markets and its most important competitors are identified. The company was founded in 1892 and operates in the US-American industries for soda production, syrup and flavoring production, juice production, and bottled water production. The most important competitors of The Coca-Cola Company in these industries are PepsiCo Inc., Dr. Pepper Snapple Group Inc., Monster Beverage Corp. and Nestle S.A..

Furthermore, a SWOT analysis is conducted. The company uses its strengths, such as its strong network of associates and partners, its high market share in all its industries, as well as its high level of innovation in its product portfolio and marketing to maintain a stable and competitive position. However, internal weaknesses of the company such as its high dependency of Berkshire Hathaway, its involvement in three major lawsuits and its current strategy change are detected. Also, the company is able to exploit current and future opportunities, namely sinking input prices as well as changing industry landscapes and demand structures. Though, the company faces a highly competitive environment with rising and unpredictable input prices as well as volatile demand.

Moreover, a financial analysis is conducted based on the financial ratios of the company in comparison to the ratios of its most important competitors and its own past performance. The financial analysis unveils that the company could perform better in some areas such as its degree of financing or its P/E ratio. However, due to its excellent profitability and sound financial standing, the company is attractive for investors.

Besides, the intrinsic common stock value of the company is calculated to depict the accurate valuation of the company at the stock market.

Additionally, both the income statement and the balance sheet for 2015 are forecasted based on the financial data of previous years, its strategy announcements and current developments.

Finally, recommendations are given for the management of the company as well as potential and current investors.

It is astounding how much information someone can gather about a person from a quick glance. We form first impressions of others based on a number of things, such as their appearance, demeanor, and other characteristics we can gather from a glance or two, and form impressions of a person’s personality, character, intentions, and motivations based on these factors. This can happen in mere tenths of a second. My research looked at how people form first impressions based on a person’s attire and gender.

Quality resources for the academic and social success of university students with communication disorders are necessary. Seeking to promote success in students with these disorders are programs at Eastern Kentucky, Western Kentucky, and Murray State. Current literature on these disorders gives insight on the unique skill-sets and experiences of students with communication disorders. Following the included research, the programs from each respective university found to be the most successful in the aforementioned areas are Eastern Kentucky’s Speech-Language-Hearing Clinic, Western Kentucky’s Communications Disorder Clinic, and Murray State University’s Student Disability Services.

William Kunstler (1919-1995) called himself a "radical lawyer" and came to national prominence through his controversial work defending everyone from the Mississippi Freedom Riders, Martin Luther King, Angela Davis, and the "Chicago Seven" to Lenny Bruce, Jack Ruby, and John Gotti. In 1971 he was contracted to speak at Lovett Auditorium by Murray State's SGA as part of their "Insight" lecture series. Murray State's Board of Regents fought back against Kunstler's upcoming visit because of his political beliefs and the controversy that often accompanied his public appearances. Weeks of press coverage of the very public conflict between Murray State's administration and the student body followed. In the end members of the Murray community interceded and secured a location for Kunstler to speak - not on the stage of Lovett Auditorium but instead on Murray's Court Square. Kunstler's visit to Murray is a fascinating incident which brings to light issues of academic freedom, the relationship between "town and gown," and the perspective of a small, rural college town on one of the most iconic and infamous figures of 1960s and 1970s activism.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, states behind the Iron curtain underwent a change from communist nations. The founder of one such state, Josep Tito, died in 1980. While the Soviet Union stood the republic of Yugoslavia stayed together as a nation. Once the Soviet Union collapsed it did not take long for Yugoslavia to fall into chaos. The cleavages in the society became apparent as different nationalistic ideologies emerged with several different parts of the nation declaring independence from Yugoslavia. During this time Serbian nationalism grew in the various portions of Yugoslavia that had broken off as they sought to create a Serbian nation. The violence that erupted during this crisis lead to genocidal massacres of the Bosniak Muslims in the former territories of Yugoslavia. The crisis that unfolded became one of the earliest tests for America in their dominant international role as the sole great power of the world. America’s response to the Bosnian reflected their unwillingness to fully accept the mantle of the sole great power in the world. After 45 years of working against communist influences in the world, the United States fatigue from their international policy hampered their resolve in addressing the situation unfolding in the former Yugoslavian states. Because of the fatigue from 45 years of perpetual military readiness and reluctance to accept the role as sole supreme power in the world; the United States actions to halt the massacres in the former Yugoslavia came as tepid and apathetic response until the United states fully accepted their role as the sole supreme power.

Loose Triggers: Tackling Uncomfortable Topics in the Language Classroom

Disparadores sueltos: abordando temas incómodos en el aula de idiomas

The use or omission of trigger warnings in the classroom setting is a controversial topic. Should trigger warnings be used before teaching uncomfortable topics such as religious beliefs, the impacts of violence, home-life or graphic descriptions? How does one deal with these topics in the classroom? While some research has been conducted in an attempt to find an answer to these questions, there have been no consistent answers or established policies for educators to turn to. The gap in this research has delayed the construction of potentially enlightening lesson plans as well as prohibited further real world learning for students. This project will focus specifically on the language classroom and the challenges and cultural implications that arise when dealing with uncomfortable topics. This research will fill the gap by conducting surveys with students and teachers and experimenting with different teaching styles and lessons that encourage creativity, participation, cultural awareness and critical thinking. This research project will serve as an opportunity to discover new ways in which to reestablish that the language classroom is an area of enlightenment for subject matters of all types as well as provide an outlet for educators so that they are encouraged not to fear tackling uncomfortable subjects in the classroom.

Kathryn Granstaff

Double Major:

Secondary English Education & P-12 Spanish Teaching Certification

Class of 2016

Research Advisor: Tanya Romero-González

The Death of François Vatel: A Symbol of Darkness in the Courts of Seventeenth-Century France

La mort de François Vatel:Un emblème du mal dans les cours en France pendant le dix-septième siècle

The seventeenth century is known as the “Grand Siècle” of France, a time period in which many great laws, movements, political figures, and works of art emerged. The “Grand Siècle” was dominated by the aura of the Sun King, Louis XIV (ruled 1643-1714), who, at Versailles, had put France at the center of the world. He had extensive connections, especially with the Eastern world. Chinese fashion even influenced the dress within the court of Versailles. Inside the courts such as Louis XIV’s, and those modeled after his court, there were men who were responsible for maintaining the extravagance and glory of the courts. These men, called maîtres d’hôtel were essentially responsible for managing what went on behind the scenes of the court, whether it be coordinating decorations or cooking the meals for a party. François Vatel was a maître d’hôtel, employed by Nicholas Fouquet and the Prince de Condé, whose death remains, to this day, much of a mystery. In this paper, the death of François Vatel is discussed in the context of letters by Madame de Sévigné and the film Vatel directed by Roland Joffé. His death is also contrasted with the bright reputation of the courts in seventeenth-century France, and brings up the question of a hidden darkness within those very courts. Ultimately, this essay suggests that Vatel’s death was a symbol of darkness in the seemingly sound court system of Louis XIV’s France.

Kristin Critchfield

Major in French and Francophone Studies, Minor in English Literature (Class of 2016)

Research Advisor: Dr. Therese Saint Paul

The Melody of Learning

La melodía del aprendizaje

Music opens numerous doors of creativity and enlightenment when combined with our cognitive development skills. The question is how music can enhance the teaching of foreign languages and other subjects in the classrooms. This paper explores the importance of using music in ways that can be combined with traditional teaching methods. Music can be used as a tool to create more profound and impactful ways in students’ learning. This paper will examine the existing scientific studies about how music impacts cognitive development. We will examine how the various regions of the brain are activated when a person is working on music, mathematics, and languages. Throughout this research, I intend to prove how music can have a positive impact in learning. Furthermore, the essay will take into account how music may benefit students with different learning styles within the classroom. Not only will I be consulting existing research on this topic but I will also take into account the results of a survey that I recently conducted. Also, my personal experience will inform me further on this matter. With each of these pieces of supporting evidence, I will determine the results connected to how music can enhance the teaching of foreign languages.

Zuleyka Valdés

Double Major:

Math Education Grades 5-9 & Spanish P-12 Certification

(Class of 2017)

Research Advisor: Dr. Elena Picech

出る釘：日本の同一性の解析

The Nail That Sticks Up: An Analysis of Japanese Identity

This presentation examines the conflict between the two Identities that each Japanese person possesses. These are the true identity, and the identity projected by a Japanese person in order to conform to society’s expectations. This examination is conducted in the context of the novel The Broken Commandment by Shimazaki Tōeson. This project will analyze the main character, and other character’s interactions with each other, their inner monologue, and the policies created by society. These examples will show the conflicts and resolutions in balancing the two identities, as well as connect this conflict/resolution to the larger narrative of Japanese identity dissonance, which continues even in modern Japanese society.

Cassandra Nutt, Japanese and English (class of 2016)

Research Advisor: Fusae Ekida

The tri-colored bat is undergoing severe declines across its range due to white nose syndrome, a fungal disease causing massive bat mortality in eastern North America. Our objective was to determine distinguishing characteristics of roost trees used by tri-colored bats so their roost needs can be considered in management plans. We mist-netted for tri-colored bats at Land Between the Lakes and Clarks River in western Kentucky. We attached a radio transmitter to adult bats. We tracked six bats to their day roosts for 1-12 days. Habitat data were collected at 19 roost trees and at randomly selected trees in the area for comparison. Our initial data showed that tri-colored bats use roost trees within a relatively small area. The greatest distance moved between successive roosts was 207.8 m, with an average distance between roosts of 68.9 m. Bats remained within 2.5 km of their original capture site. All roosting bats were located in the foliage of live trees. Tri-colored bats may not select roost trees at random. Bats were observed roosting in 10 different species of tree, with the most commonly selected species being Carya tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt. and Liquidambar styraciflua L. (37% and 16% of roost trees, respectively). In contrast with the roost trees selected, the most abundant species among the randomly selected trees were Quercus alba L. and Acer saccharum Marshall. Management needs of tri-colored bats likely differ from those of other declining bat species which have preference for trees in mid-decay stages.

Kentucky Lake is the largest impoundment east of the Mississippi River and is located on the Tennessee River in western Kentucky. The reservoir has a diverse fishery consisting of many fish species that prey upon native planktivorous Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum and Threadfin Shad D. petenense. Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are an invasive planktivorous fish species that invaded Kentucky Lake in 2004 and data suggests successful establishment and a reproducing population. Previous studies on the Illinois River have suggested that Silver Carp are competing for prey resources with native fish species including Gizzard Shad. Therefore, diet overlap and competition between Silver Carp and Gizzard Shad in Kentucky Lake is a major concern to biologists and fishermen. For our study, we used δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C isotopic signatures to perform niche analysis and to quantify isotopic niche overlap. Fish were sampled using: cast nets, gill nets, and boat electrofishing. We found non-significant isotopic niche overlap between Silver Carp and Gizzard Shad in Kentucky Lake. In conclusion, Silver Carp and Gizzard Shad appear to have a low potential for competition. However, if Silver Carp populations increase, and resources become depleted, then the potential for competition may increase and result in ecosystem effects.

Two important parts to national identification are patriotism (positively identifying with one’s own country) and nationalism (i.e., contempt for countries other than one’s own; Citrin, Wong, & Duff, 2001; Williams, Foster, & Krohn, 2008). Although these two constructs are closely interrelated, they are separate. Of particular interest is whether one can predict increased nationalism or patriotism, with personality variables, (i.e., core conservatism and smugness) as well as other related attitudes, such as attitudes toward internationalism, civil liberties, a world government, and desire for punishment. The current study examined the relationship between other related attitudes to patriotism and nationalism. Specifically, we examined smugness, attitudes toward global welfare, civil liberties, world government beliefs, military approval, and desire for punishment. The usable sample provided empirical evidence for researching attitudes that may contribute to higher patriotism or nationalism. A series of correlations indicated relationships between the variables. Additionally, a multiple regression indicated patriotism is significantly predicted by negative attitudes toward civil liberties and a world government, increased smugness, and increased conservativism, F(6, 67) = 23.04, p < .001, R²= .67. However, nationalism was only predicted by increased smugness, F (6, 67) = 12.16, p < .001, R² = .52). The results indicate that a combination of these variables and attitudes can successfully predict patriotism. In addition, the smugness variable was the only predictor of nationalism. Significant findings add to the current research and may help future researchers develop a way to enhance patriotism without the derogatory attitudes of nationalism.

Public Relations Society of America and Publicity Club of Chicago’s first woman president, Betsy plank was first to achieve what many would refer to as a male dominant position since public relations wasn’t even on her degree of study. She attained national and international stature during her distinguished career of 63 years. Establishment of Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA) and Plank Center for Leadership in Public Relations are among her major achievements. Her legacy is most visible in the countless public relations professionals, educators and students who credit her with taking the time to mentor them throughout her career. Her focus on others led her to become the most individually-recognized woman in the industry, a testament to the value of selflessness in professionalism.

Dorothea Lange was a famous photojournalist in the United States in the early 1900s. She studied photography at Columbia University in addition to holding apprenticeships in portrait photography, but soon fell in love with documentary photography. Lange’s images sparked global conversation among citizens as well as informed them of world events taking place near and far away from them. Her images made news more tangible and helped people around the globe understand one another.

Five major diseases affecting cattle in the state of Kentucky during the year of 2015 include but are not limited to: Anaplasmosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Leptospirosis, Johne’s Disease, and Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV). Using the USALims, the information management system used by the Murray State Breathitt Veterinary Center, this study will examine the epidemiology of these five diseases in terms of location in the state and time of year the diseases are prevalent. These five diseases where chosen due to volume of cases and their fatal affect. Cattle producers in Kentucky are losing thousands of dollars due to the epidemic nature of these diseases. The aim of this study is to find trends in where the diseases are widespread and what time of year cattle are affected. In completing this study the objective is to provide cattle producers in Kentucky with the information to better prepare for the diseases that affect their area and what times of year their animals are more at risk for contracting these diseases. With the information provided in this study cattle producers in Kentucky should be able to adapt techniques to help improve profits by lowering fatalities to Anaplasmosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Leptospirosis, Johne’s Disease, and Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV).

Helen Landsdowne Resor is known as being the first female copywriter. She contributed to the advertising world in a way that women simply didn’t at that time. She was the first woman to successfully plan and write national advertising, rather than just retail ads. In particular, she is credited with creating a new style of "feature story" advertising that used illustrations and text that appealed to readers' emotions. Perhaps her greatest contribution to copywriting, however, was her idea that "copy must be believable.” She was also able to tie in her feminism beliefs into her creative work. She took an ad for facial soap and sexualized the copy with the phrase, “A skin you love to touch.” In addition to her creative work, Resor mentored young women wanting to advance in advertising and set up a woman editorial department in the ad agency where she worked.

Title:

Hidaya Al Salem: Her fight against corruption and the police force, and for full suffrage for women.

Hidaya was born in Kuwait 1935 and died in 2001. She was the first female journalist, and also the first middle school teacher in Kuwait City. Al Salem was a Kuwaiti social activist who campaigned against official corruption and also she was a Kuwaiti feminist who are demanding the right of Kuwaiti women to vote in political election. Al Salem was an active board member of the Kuwait journalists’ association, Kuwaiti women's association, owner and editor in chief of Al-Majalis magazine. She was the author of notable women in the holy Quran. She explained how Islam treated women nicely in her book notable women in the holy Quran. In 2001, Al Salem was murdered in Kuwait City, when an armed attacker opened fire on her six times while she was driving her car to women and culture conference. According to press reports, “the reasons behind this assassination could be alleged financial disputes within Al Salem's family and other alleged disputes with some of her employees”.

The professor Bader Koryem is one of the first media practitioners in Saudi Arabia. he is one of the most important names in Saudi Arabian mass media. He started working with media since 1957. He continued working with different type of media vehicle till he passed away last year. His enhancement to Saudi media is limitless. At the time he started to work with media, the Saudi media was in it's beginning. He worked as Radio broadcaster, GM of Saudi Arabian Radio, GM of PR management at Marwa Foundation, GM of Saudi Press, Professor at IMSU and he worked at the head of king Faisal Bin Abdulaziz public relation department for 11 years. Lastly, he published 6 different books about media.

With major calls for reform in STEM education from professional organizations (e.g. AAAS, NIH, NSF), studies have found that faculty in higher education can improve student learning by changing their teaching from teacher-centered to student-centered. Change in teaching practice can be difficult, however, especially without significant training. One method of introducing student-centered teaching practices into the classroom is through the use of a flipped classroom model, where students engage in learner-centered activities within the classroom and receive passively-transmitted information outside the classroom. The focus of my study was two-fold, (a) to determine if the flipped classroom method affects student learning gains (b) and if the flipped classroom method affects student’s attitudes towards science and science literacy in an introductory non-major’s biology course. Surveys of teaching beliefs, teaching practices, and classroom observations of faculty participants were used to characterize flipped classrooms (n=4) and traditional classrooms (n=3). No training in teaching practice was provided to any faculty participant. Faculty who flipped their course used significantly more student-centered learning practices in the classroom. Students who attended a flipped class, however, had significantly lower overall learning gains than those in traditional classrooms. Students’ attitudes towards science and scientific literacy did not differ between class type. My results were consistent with prior research that showed that student performance was lower in student-centered classes when taught by faculty who lacked training in the use of student-centered teaching practices.

Ivy Lee: The Father of Modern Day Public Relations.

Ivy Ledbetter Lee is a prominent figure in the field of public relations and an American publicity expert. He is said to be the founder of what is presently known as public relations. He set up the Association of Railroad Executives which was used as a public relations service for the rail industry. He was able to use public relations to improve the morale of employees. One of such example is his use of internal magazines to motivate employees. He also held other positions such as Publicity Director for American Red Cross and later became the assistant to the Chairman of the American Red Cross.

James E. Grunig specialized in public relations, communication and dissemination of scientific theory. In 1984, Grunig and Todd Hunt co-authored Management of Public Relations. This approach is demonstrated in their definition of PR, which states: “public relations activities are part of the management of communication between an organization and its publics” (Grunig and Hunt, 1984, p.7-8). Grunig was an active social activist, and his name was on the list of all the important members of the U.S. academic communication organizations. Grunig’s significant contribution to the four models of PR is: 1. The Press Agentry Model. 2. The Public Information Model. 3. The 2-way asymmetrical model. 4. The 2-way symmetrical model. This contribution makes him in the superior position in his American PR community.

Judy Smith lending a guiding hand.

Judy Smith though she her self may not be a household name many of the people she has advised and dealt with their crisis are, people such as Monica Lewinsky and Michal Vick. She has worked her way up to being one of the top names and go to people in PR and crisis management. Not just for individual people but for companies as well.

Smith was born in Washington D.C. and attended college at Boston College were she earned her bachelors after graduating she then attended American University were she graduated form the Washington College of Law. She was the first African- American female to serve as executive editor for the American University Law Review.

After receiving her law degree Smith eventually made her way to the White House were she served as Deputy Press Secretary to President George H.W. Bush. After leaving the White House she struck out on her own and started her own firm Smith & Company. It was there that she faced some of the challenges that she became known for handling such as Monica Lewinsky, Michal Vick and Sony.

Global aquatic ecosystems are impacted by a variety of mechanisms including habitat destruction, fish overharvest, and the introduction of invasive species. Long term monitoring of an ecosystem’s fish community, along with abiotic and biotic factors that influence the fish community, is crucial in establishing effective management strategies. Currently, numerous monitoring programs exist across the United States. However, a long term monitoring program of non-game and non-commercial fish community dynamics has not been established within Kentucky Lake in Western Kentucky. Preliminary sampling of the Kentucky Lake fish community was performed using boat electroshocking and surface trawling. Four embayments within Kentucky Lake were sampled with a randomized block experimental design. Within each embayment, 5 separate electrofishing samples were obtained from randomly chosen 500-meter shoreline segments; each sample utilizing 1 of 6 different randomly selected electroshocking wave forms. Two 10-minute surface trawling samples were also taken. Each collected specimen was identified to species and total length of each specimen was obtained. Concurrently with Hancock Biological Station’s bimonthly water quality/plankton surveys, this sampling protocol will be used for a long term fish monitoring program that will track catch per unit effort, body condition, and species diversity of non-game and non-commercial fish in Kentucky Lake.

New York born photographer Margaret Bourke-White propelled herself and her photographs through obstacles of war, financial depression and gender inequality throughout her career; becoming a pioneer in the photojournalism field in the eyes of both women and men. As the first female photographer at both LIFE and Fortune magazines, Bourke-White traveled across the globe, creating historical images documenting the Dust Bowl, the Korean War and concentration camps in Nazi Germany. Her iconic images of Mohandas Gandhi, World War II prisoners and drought victims during the Dust Bowl lead to an impactful presence of feminist strength in photojournalism during and after her life. The effects of Bourke-White’s accomplishments within the fields of mass communications and photojournalism are chronicled in detail throughout this historical academic poster.

¹NICOLE STATES, CLAYTON KEISER, JASON ROBERTSON and BOMMANNA LOGANATHAN Department of Chemistry and Watershed Studies Institute, Murray State University and Hutson School of Agriculture, Murray State University, Murray, KY 42071.

Murray State University’s Hutson School of Agriculture has installed a new 500 kBTU/hr biomass burner (BB500 Bio-Burner, LEI Industries, Madisonville, KY) at the Farm Center during the Fall2014 to evaluate various crops and biomass materials as energy sources. Experimental burning of various feedstocks including wood chips, sorghum, equine manure, switchgrass and hemp samples were conducted during Spring 2015. Amount of feedstock burned ranged from 765 kg to 1255 kg. The amount of ash collected varied from 2 kg to 120kg. The mineral analysis in the ash samples were performed following the procedure of ASTM D3682. Oxides of Si, Al, Ti, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, Na, S, P, Sr, Ba, Mn were measured. Results revealed that the mineral composition of ash samples varied with different feedstocks burned. Among various minerals measured, silicon dioxide had the highest amount per kg of ash (430-710g/kg) followed by calcium oxide (53-300g/kg) in almost all of the ash samples tested. Strontium oxide had the lowest amount (0.2-1.1g/kg). Among the various feedstocks, energy sorghum contained the highest amount (710g/kg) of silicon dioxide. Equine manure contained the highest amount (300g/kg of ash) of calcium oxide.

Simeon Booker was the first African-American reporter employed by The Washington Post newspaper and served as a pioneer for African-American journalists. Providing the public with groundbreaking news during the civil rights movement, Booker also served as the chief of Jet magazine for an astounding 51 years. Simeon Booker earned the respect of his peers early in his career with his consistent and honest coverage of events happening during the civil rights movement. Though Booker was a witness to several instances of racial violence and discrimination, he did not let this intimidate him and earned several awards for the many feats accomplished throughout his career. This journalist has contributed to journalism in many ways and did not retire until 2007 at the age of 88 years old. Though Booker is retired he still manages to leave us with another legendary contribution to journalism in his memoir “Shocking The Conscience”, which was recently published in 2013.

This paper attempts to give a detailed background into the Canine Parvovirus and discover if the mortality rate has increased, decreased, or stayed the same over the span of 5 years, from 2010-2015. The paper also attempts to explain the change in the mortality rate, is it because of better prevention, better treatments, or are owners recognizing symptoms in their pets sooner allowing for quicker treatments.

With discussions surrounding the legalization of cannabis for medicinal and recreational purposes gaining popularity within the United States, this presentation will look at the benefits and risks of using plants within the Cannabis genus in veterinary medicine. The viability of cannabis use as compared to drugs currently used to treat symptoms such as poor appetite and seizures will occur in order to determine if it is feasible for Cannabis sativa to gain a place in conventional veterinary practices. A focus on hemp, a variety of Cannabis sativa that produces less than 0.3% THC, will occur in light of the recent research permits granted within the state of Kentucky. Comparisons between cannabis administration to patients and the administration of current drugs of choice will be made on the basis of efficacy, cost, and known risks.

The God father of Public Relations

Edward L. Bernyas is a pioneer and many scholars consider him as a father of Public Relation “PR”. Bernyas started his career work as a press agent before World War I. He also worked for an organization that was created by the U.S government to affect public opinions in the U.S to know the effect of American participation in the war at that time and the organization name was Creel Committee. Furthermore, Dernyas developed and created many techniques to shape public opinions. He thought deeply and came up with new idea of life’s work which he named “engineering public constant” and then he opened his office in New York, his office was specialized for Public Relation Consultant and that was in 1919. Moreover, at New York University he gave the first course on public relation, and later at the same year Bernyas published his first book on public relation and the name of the book is “Crystallizing Public Opinion”. In addition, Bernyas received an award from National Association for the Advancement of Colored People because of the successful campaign that he hosted, no violence was reported at that campaign against African-American. Bernyas’s campaign tried to focus on the importance of the combination between African-American and the Whites who live in the South. Bernyas also helped to change women attitude and freedom and that was when women were not allowed to smoke in public places. Dernyas was a professional attitude maker because of his efforts in the society.

THE ROLE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA

Topaz A. Prawito ¹⁾ and Iin P. Handayani ²⁾

¹⁾ Honors College, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA

²⁾ Hutson School of Agriculture, Murray State University, KY, USA

ABSTRACT

Corruption has been one of the longest lasting problems within a nation’s economy all around the word. There is a complex relationship between the socio-economic factors and corruption. Having both direct and indirect effects on the nation’s economy as a whole, it is important to analyze how such factors truly influence the business arena. Despite the constant progress towards globalization, there is a distinct contrast to the business culture of the Western world. As shown by Transparency International, developing countries tend to be ranked with low CPI (Corruption Perception Index) scores, which translates into high corruption level. Many theories focus on external factors as the main root of corrupt activities; the internal factors, however, are often overlooked. Internal factors embedded within a country, such as its inherent culture, level of consumerism, and other socio-economic factors turn the gears to constantly stimulate the inescapable corruption cycle in many developing nations, including Indonesia. Based on this study, Indonesia’s most visible internal factors of corrupt activities are the rising consumerism level and the widening income gap of the citizens. Together, they result in heavy social pressures to earn more income through questionable methods. In the process, corrupt activities tend to be more common in certain parts of Indonesia’s society.

Key words: Indonesia, socio-economic, corruption, consumerism, culture

John Peter Zenger spent nearly eight months in jail starting in 1734 but still printed The New York Weekly Journal with the help of his wife while he was on trial for seditious libel. In those days, libel was anything that was against the government. It didn’t matter if the information was true or false. Controversy plagued Zenger’s trial from the beginning as William Cosby, the governor of New York, did everything he could to sabotage Zenger as Cosby was the centerpiece of most of Zenger’s editorials. Zenger was one of the first journalists to emphasize the importance of the media being the fourth estate and being a watchdog of the government.

"Woman on Woman Aggression": Predictors of Beliefs in Double Sex Standards

The presence of double standards is a topic that has been widely researched for the past several decades. Sexual double standards are based on the belief that sexual behaviors by women are viewed differently than when similar behaviors are exhibited by men. Early research stated that double standards were no longer much of an issue as seen in archival research by Crawford and Popp (2003). As they pulled research from previous decades, they concluded that double standards were not much of an issue in the 1970’s but resurfaced a decade later. This is not to say that double standards were not present, but rather that they were not as prevalent. Researchers have posed questions on where the idea of double standards originate or what causes them. Marks and Fraley (2006) theorized that confirmation bias plays a role in the double standards that many persons exhibit. They felt that anecdotal rather than theoretical evidence supported the idea of a double standard through confirmation bias. Other researchers have drawn on these ideas and have theorized that some women may contribute to confirmation bias with their outward behaviors and attitudes about themselves. Zalkman and Marks (2014) brought ambivalent sexism to the forefront of their studies. They felt that the goal of present research should be to determine whether and to what extent sexism among persons moderates the exhibition of the sexual double standard. Their work approaches double standard research with this new element of sexism and opens up new avenues in which to research.

By utilizing the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI; Glick & Fiske, 1996) and a researcher created scale based on Paynter’s Sexual Double Standards Scale (2013), the question of if there is a positive correlation between the presence of a sexist attitude, either hostile or benevolent, and higher levels of a sexual double standard was able to be tested. It is our hope that this will further the research of Zalkman and Marks (2014) and shed light on newly hypothesized areas regarding double standards, where they are formed, and how they shape our perceptions. The research looked at the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR; Paulhus, 1988), Belief in a Just World Scale (BJW; Dalbert, 1998), Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; Sidanious & Pratto, 1999), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1983). These scales allowed exploration into alternate factors that may contribute to the belief in double standards. With a better understanding of double standards and sexism, we can better understand other social issues such as bias, prejudice, and intolerance.

The current research project focused on college age women and the interactions between levels of sexist beliefs and the presence of a sexual double standards against other women. Further research projects will follow to include a larger age population and will include men. It was hypothesized that there is a positive correlation between high levels of sexism and the belief in double standards among individuals. We also examined the relationship between double standards and sexism with the subscales hostile and benevolent. We also looked at the aforementioned variables that were collected to look for additional correlations that may be present. The overall model is significant F (3, 70) = 6.81, p < .001, R² = .23. When we controlled for personality variables benevolent sexism and personal distress predicted double standard beliefs. However our end finding found that hostile sexism was the only significant predictor (B= .25, t= 2.01, p= .049), personal distress was not significant (B = .18, t = 1.47, p = .146), nor was benevolent sexism (B = .15, t = 1.21, p = .232).

Background: The prostate, the key secondary male reproductive organ, serves an important function of alkalizing seminal fluid and protecting genetic information in the acidity of the vaginal tract. As males age, the most common urologic condition manifests as an enlargement of the prostate known as benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between hormonal regulation and the morphological changes in BPH. Furthermore, we examine whether such hormonal regulation is mediated by HKA.

Methods: The experiments were designed to test the effects of the primary male androgen, testosterone propionate (TP), as well as the female hormone, estradiol (E2). Sprague-Dawley outbred rats were divided into three groups; control group, TP group, and TP-E2 group. Both the TP and the E2 were diluted in vegetable oil and covered to eliminate light exposure. Subcutaneous injections of TP at 3 mg/mL were administered to induce BPH in rats. After 6 weeks of TP-induced BPH, we divided these rats into two groups. In one group of BPH rats, we injected 60 µg of E2, and in another group of BPH rats, we injected 120 µg of E2 subcutaneously. The rats were sacrificed under anesthesia, and the prostate specimens were dissected. The rat’s body weight and the prostate tissue weight were measured as the organ quotient. The total prostate specimens were divided into two groups, one tissue group was fixed and embedded in paraffin using histopathological methods to examine the effects on morphological changes in BPH. The other tissue group was examined by Western blot for analysis of HKA by using anti-HKA alpha antibody.

Results: The data indicate significant hypertrophy of the luminal cells in rats with 3 mg TP (11/15/14) compared to the control (524.542 ± 4.637 vs. 350.583 ± 1.996, P-value < 0.005). Furthermore, the experimental group with 3 mg TP (11/13/14) and 60 µg E2 (1/13/15) showed inhibitory effects compared to TP-induced BPH (385.571 ± 7.265 vs. 524.542 ± 4.637, P-value < 0.005). Lastly, the experimental group with 3 mg TP (11/13/14) and 120 µg E2 (1/13/15) showed significant inhibitory effect compared to TP-induced BPH (465.857 ± 8.259 vs. 524.542 ± 4.637, P-value < 0.005). However, the inhibitory effects of the 60 µg E2 group were more significant than the inhibitory effects of the 120 µg E2 group (385.571 ± 7.265 vs. 465.857 ± 8.259, P-value < 0.005), suggesting the importance of maintaining a proper E2:TP ratio. Western blot analysis shows up-regulation of specific bands for HKA alpha subunit at ~97 kDa for TP-induced BPH and down-regulation of HKA in the TP+E2 treatment groups.

Conclusions: Our results show that TP induced benign prostate hypertrophy. Furthermore, E2 is shown to inhibit BPH; however, the effect of E2 inhibition on BPH requires the optimal ratio between E2 and TP. If such a ratio is not reached, then BPH inhibition will not occur by E2. Both the induction and inhibition of hypertrophic cells suggests that the prostate is under hormonal regulation. The proper E2:TP ratio plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of BPH. Such knowledge of E2:TP ratio in humans may help to prevent or cure BPH in the future.

Previous vaccination demographic studies have concluded that lower income and minority demographics' primary factor influencing their decision to not vaccinate their children is the effort and difficulty required to return for multiple subsequent vaccinations. Conversely, white upper-class cite health concerns as their primary factor. Supporting this, are studies showing that minority demographics tend to be under vaccinated as opposed to unvaccinated. Furthermore, vaccination exemption difficulty has been inversely associated with the number of exemptions. If effort and difficulty are the primary cause, one would expect lower income and minority groups to respond more dramatically than other groups to differences in exemption difficulty. This study examines the difference in vaccination levels of minority and low-income demographics in “easy” exemption states and “difficult” exemption states versus that of other demographic groups.

Perturbation theory studies the effect of small parameters on a given equation. Applied to orbital mechanics, these minute changes can be measured and used to detect changes in periodic phenomena. One such periodic phenomena is the time of arrival (TOA) of regularly detectable pulses from a pulsar, a rapidly rotating star. Perturbations can be modeled theoretically and then matched with experimental data in order to discern if it is likely that a given planet-pulsar system has an exomoon. The original mathematical analysis of this phenomenon was conducted out to order O(ε²) and found that, for the case of a theoretical Jupiter-Jupiter system, a perturbation of 960 ns would occur. Our analysis expands the Maclaurin Series of the perturbed problem to order O(ε³) and for the same system determines an additional perturbation of 46 ns, indicating an improved threshold for detectability of the exomoon. Computational software was also used to explore a general form for the terms of order ε⁴ and higher to explore the limits of a useful approximation.

United States nuclear-powered aircraft carriers have a highly structured schedule that involves recurring periods of training, deployment, and maintenance. Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a significant problem among Sailors aboard these carriers due to the nature of ongoing shipboard operations and extended periods of noise exposure. This study aims to characterize Sailors’ occupational noise exposure during the carrier’s training and maintenance periods. Significant overexposures were recorded throughout this study. Flight operations contributed significantly to noise dose during the training and readiness phase. Rehabilitation work involving the use of needle-guns was a significant contributor to the excessive noise doses during maintenance phase. The Navy should use the results of this study to better understand and control Sailors’ occupational noise exposure.

There is such a divergence between the realities of artificial intelligence: where the field currently stands, future projections, etc., and the ways that it is portrayed in various forms of media. In this study I examined sources ranging from expert predictions and standings and news reports on developments in the field to different ways A.I. has been shown in various forms of media, as well as conducted a survey to gauge understanding and opinion on A.I. to explore the links between the coverage and portrayal of A.I. and the public's perception of the field.

As students enter a post secondary educational setting, they experience a wide range of experiences and emotions. Making the decision to return to said institution the following semester is vital to the well-being of both the student and the institution, and communication theory can help diagnose and explain how this process works.

The purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the current status of Title IX and its effects and impact in the athletic setting. This paper will discuss how Title IX evolved and how school institutions are meeting the requirements of the new code. This paper will also examine both landmark and significant cases that have helped mold the current state of issue. It is concluded by addressing flaws in Title IX which may cause some men's sports to be overly competitive while also diminishing the competitive setting of women's sports.

The field of actuarial science is by no means a new discipline. However, the educational content for aspiring actuaries must continue to develop alongside the advancements in the profession. The increasing prevalence of data analysis in the field of actuarial science begs for a change in the curriculum and the Society of Actuaries is responding. The question that naturally arises concerns how data analytics can be integrated into the already rigorous educational standards of the actuarial profession. To examine this idea it is necessary to research what data analytics is to an actuary and how colleges and universities have created actuarial science programs. These topics can facilitate a solution to how actuarial programs can adapt to changes in the curriculum. A literary review and analysis will provide insight to better actuarial education here at Murray State University and in the profession as a whole.

Financial options are contracts often used as tools for hedging a position on fluctuating stock prices. There is no closed form solution for the pricing of these options; however, there exist certain numerical techniques to price them. For this paper, I implemented binomial and trinomial probability models to price a total of twenty-four different types of options, using MATLAB to code the pricing algorithms. The probability-based pricing system starts with the creation of a lattice for the tree of possible stock prices, then works recursively from the far end of the tree (the end of a user-specified time period) to reach a single price value at the time of the option’s purchase. There was also an investigation into simplicity (measured in time taken for the computer to reach the option price) versus accuracy (measured in difference in price from some benchmark, more accurate value) as the number of steps of the stock tree increased.

Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) is a Krüppel-like transcription factor that has been implicated in a number of human pathologies including polycystic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and cancer. Further, Glis3 has been shown to play a critical role in the regulation of insulin transcription and defective Glis3 signaling is associated with the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the proteins or posttranslational modifications that regulate Glis3 activity. In this study, we have identified two specific regions within the Glis3 protein that are targets for the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO). We show that SUMOylation of Glis3 is mediated by proteins belonging to the Protein-Inhibitor of Activated STAT (PIAS) family as well as the E2 SUMO-conjugase, Ubc9. While the functional effect of SUMOylation on Glis3 remains unknown, we found that PIASy and Ubc9 co-expression significantly enhanced the transcriptional activity of Glis3, possibly by increasing Glis3 association with the ubiquitous co-activator, CREB Binding Protein (CBP). Collectively, these data identify SUMO as a novel regulator of Glis3 transcriptional activity and provide possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of Glis3-associated disease.

Thiol-ene "click" chemistry is a rapid radical mediated process between readily available thiol, -SH, and an alkene, C=C, that can be done in mild solvent conditions. Ionic liquids are poorly coordinated salts with low melting points that exhibit properties like low toxicity profiles, reduced volatility, low flammability and the ability to dissolve aqueous and organic-soluble materials. Poly(ionic liquid)s are polymerizable ionic liquids that combine the unique thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties of ionic liquids while restraining the cationic or anionic center within the repeating unit of the polymer chain. In this study we used the poly(ionic liquid) 1,3-diallylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was prepared along with pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) in five different molar ratios to investigate the differences in thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties in order to determine optimal crosslink density. It was found that the 1.0:2.0 network exhibited the highest glass transition temperature and storage modulus. The 1.0:3.0 network exhibited the highest conductivity.

The evaluation of infiltration rates is vital for calculation of surface runoff in order to reduce the risk of pollutants in the environment and to proficiently apply water and fertilizers for a crop’s benefit. The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the impacts of six agroecosystems on infiltration rates; (2) to observe the temporal variability of soil infiltration rates under various seasons (fall-spring-summer-fall); and (3) to quantify the relationships between soil infiltration rates with other properties including soil organic carbon (SOC), macroaggregates, and bulk density. The study was held in Calloway County of western Kentucky. The ecosystems consisted of no-till corn, conventional tillage soybeans, conventional tillage tobacco, organically grown vegetables, woodland, and prairie. All of the soils used in this study have a silt loam texture. The infiltration rates were measured using a single ring infiltrometer. Soil organic carbon (SOC) was measured using the loss on ignition (LOI) method. Macroaggregates and bulk density were determined using wet sieving and ring methods, respectively. The data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA followed by the least significant difference (LSD) test at α 5%.The results show that organic farming and the wooded system have the highest infiltration rates(35.2 cm/hr and 37.7 cm/hr) and the lowest bulk densities (1.0 g/cm³ and 1.1 g/cm³), respectively. The relationship between infiltration rate and organic carbon, bulk density, macroporosity, and total porosity was r²=.99, r²=.60, r²=.69, and r²=.66. The no-till corn field had a higher bulk density than the conventionally tilled systems (1.7 g/cm³) and lower total porosity of 37%, but had a higher infiltration rate than the conventionally tilled systems at approximately 12.9 cm/hr. The organic system had a 60% lower bulk density than the no-till corn, which were the highest and lowest bulk densities, respectively. The most dramatic differences amongst infiltration rate occurred in the wooded system which increased from 36.3 cm/hr in the fall of 2013 to 39.3 cm/hr in the summer of 2014. Amongst the averages, however, which range from 4.3 cm/hr to 37.7 cm/hr, the seasonal changes were not significant.

An in depth analysis of the play Fool for Love. This is research and analysis that would normally be in preparation of directing the show.

Through the dystopian works of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell the ideas of political theorists will be explored. Looking to historical regimes similar to those created by the authors and technologies that are present in society today, the dangers of a seemingly utopian society will be examined and analyzed. Through this analysis, it will become clear that political theorists have correctly put forward theories that hold true in practice.