The Human Gut Microbiome and Disease Risk
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a key role in immune function, metabolism, and chronic disease risk. There is growing evidence that links the disruption in the gut microbiota (aka gut dysbiosis) to chronic health conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and other conditions. This paper examines the impact of ultra-processed foods, food additives, and antibiotics on the gut microbiome. Additionally, this paper explores how the combined factors contribute to gut dysbiosis and increased susceptibility to chronic disease. Further, evidence shows the protective effects of whole-food, high-fiber diets, and pre- and probiotics.
This research is a review of peer-reviewed scientific studies. Studies consistently show the associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods and a reduction in microbial diversity in the microbiome and elevated systemic inflammation. Conversely, diets rich in fiber, fermented foods, and whole foods have been shown to support the microbiome and lower disease risk. Pre- and probiotics show promise for restoring homeostasis and lowering chronic disease risk. Gaps in research include the need for a standardized approach, larger cohort studies, combined environmental exposures, and the integration of A.I. for personalized interventions. Addressing these gaps through exploring diets, microbiology, and public health perspectives can be more effective in shaping modern food systems and personalized care.
Key Words: Gut microbiome, Gut Dysbiosis, Chronic Disease, Inflammation, Immunity, Gut-brain-axis
Year Manuscript Completed
Spring 2025
Senior Project Advisor
Dr. Tricia Jordan
Degree Awarded
Bachelor of Integrated Studies Degree
Field of Study
Health & Exercise Studies
Document Type
Thesis - Murray State Access only
Recommended Citation
Kenney, NaSasha D., "The Human Gut Microbiome and Disease Risk" (2025). Integrated Studies. 743.
https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/bis437/743